The Role and Response of the People of East Kalimantan Regarding the Transfer of the National Capital

The purpose of this study is to discuss the role and response of the people of East Kalimantan regarding the transfer of the national capital. Collect data in this article using online questionnaires using google form, which is then analyzed using spss program version 21, previous research, and summarize the results of respondents' responses and take some information on the internet. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the number of people who are pro or agree with the government of the national capital is more than the people who counter or disagree with the number of people who agree, which is as many as 67 or 65.7% of the people. Meanwhile, based on the results obtained that the number of people who also consider that government planning related to the transfer of the national capital to East Kalimantan is a solution, with the number of people who responded that the transfer into a solution is as many as 58 communities as many as 58 people or 56.9%.


INTRODUCTION
Today the issue of development and economic inequality between regions in the country is something that must be handled and is being discussed. The high growth between regions is the reason why there is always inequality. Economic inequality tends to be the cause of high development and an uneven economy. Realizing economic equality in Indonesia is not an easy thing, but with a large area, consisting of various islands and various ethnic groups make its own challenges in realizing economic equality becomes more complicated and a complex thing (Alkadri & Suhandojo, 2001).
President Joko Widodo has now announced his plan regarding the transfer of Mrs. Kota Negara to East Kalimantan Province. The transfer of the national capital has the potential to increase national economic growth with a low inflation rate and increase people's income which will then reduce existing economic inequality (Silalahi, 2019). One of the main objectives of moving the country's capital is for economic equality while reducing population density, but the plan to move the capital of the country is also expected to consider several factors after the transfer of the capital is realized, including economic impact, regional readiness, and the possibility of industrial area development. Government and business activities based in DKI Jakarta create gaps in some areas outside Jakarta so that there needs to be equality with the transfer of the National Capital. About 57.4% of Indonesia's population is on the island of Java but then some of the population in Sumatra is 17.9%, Bali and Nusa Tenggara 5.5%, Kalimantan 5.81%, Sulawesi 7.31%, Maluku and Papua 2.61%, based on the data, the capital city of the country. Outside Java, of course, it has a goal to reduce the ecological burden in the city of Jakarta (Pribadi & Utomo, 2021).
Judging from the journey of moving capital cities in several countries and reaping success in the process, one of our neighboring countries is in the country of Malaysia which was originally the capital of the country in Kuala Lumpur then moved to Putrajaya. Seeing the results of the Malaysian state that has successfully moved its capital gives consideration that can be used for more precise analysis in reviewing some of the problems that exist in Indonesia. There is a desire to have a capital city that can realize the vision of development, accommodate future developments, and be able to follow existing developments, one of which is able to be accommodated by the carrying capacity of the regional capital (Natasuwarna, 2019).
On the other hand, the planning is inseparable from some of the impacts of moving the national capital, the impact is mainly related to the readiness of the destination area in the infrastructure aspect needed to support the implementation. Meanwhile, there is a significant impact on economic dynamics in the region, especially cities that are the strongest candidates and deserve to be the capital of the country (Hafiz & Kurniawan, 2020). Then according to (Budiarta, 2019) said that when the transfer of the capital occurs, then the most visible impact in plain sight is the occurrence of large-scale migration triggered by economic factors that encourage them to move or migrate.
Then to support the preparation, development, and transfer, as well as the implementation of government related to the transfer of the national capital, the funds used are sourced from the State Budget and other legitimate sources in accordance with the provisions of the laws and regulations (Saraswati & Adi, 2022). There are concerns regarding the potential and marginalization of local communities that demand serious planning from the central government to avoid social impacts if the transfer of the capital is realized (Taufik, 2017). There needs to be preparedness and anticipation from all elements involved, both the government, experts, and the media who play an important role regarding the potential threats faced after the planned transfer of the national capital (Saputra, 2021).
In addition, the role of the people who are candidates for the capital of the country is also very necessary in the realization of the government's plan in the transfer of the country's capital. Therefore, this paper will discuss the role and response of the people of East Kalimantan regarding the transfer of the national capital.

RESEARCH METHODE
Collect data in this article using online questionnaires using google form, which is then analyzed using SPSS program version 21, previous research, and summarize the results of respondents' responses and take some information on the internet.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Discussions regarding the transfer of the nation's capital began to be discussed in 2010. On August 16, 2019, the President of the Republic of Indonesia announced a state of the nation speech regarding the transfer of the Indonesian capital whose location has also been established, the determination preceded his legal review including the establishment of a legal basis for the establishment of a new capital city (Hadi & Ristawati, 2020).
Many opinions behind this, including the condition of the national capital that is currently in Jakarta is no longer in accordance with its function to become the capital of the country due to environmental reasons such as serious congestion levels, population numbers and density, to carrying capacity, floods, and other equalization reasons. Another argument about the importance of moving the capital is that the capital's environment is currently too crowded, full of permanent buildings and the distribution of the population which is 60% resting on the island of Java which is currently the center of government can only be distributed if there is a change with the birth of the birth. plan to move the city of negara (Hutasoit, 2019).
The plan to move the national capital is currently being discussed, the plan to move the capital of the country is still a pros and cons among the community, especially in the community who are in the location of the place that is the candidate for the capital of the country. The transfer of the nation's capital is then a question mark whether the transfer of the nation's capital really brings change towards a better direction or provides risks that can be detrimental (Rosana, 2018). Apart from the responsibility of the government, the transfer of the capital of the country also requires the role of the community.
The role of the community in development programs and projects is very important in its success because the community will be more confident in the program to be implemented if the community feels involved in the planning, preparation, and implementation process (Aziz, 2020). Then the community response is also needed in the implementation of the transfer of the capital to carry out what is the main goal and welfare of the community in the transfer of the capital of the country. People's responses regarding the transfer of the national capital have been quite a lot where the use of social media as a space to express opinions (Hamdani, 2020).
The results can be seen in the table of public responses related to the pros and cons regarding the transfer of the country's capital. Based on these data, it is known that the number of people who pro or agree with the government's capital is more than the people who counter or disagree with the number of people who agree, which is as many as 67 or 65.7% of the people. Then the results of the response of the people who consider that the transfer of the national capital is a solution or not is as follows: Based on the data, it is known that the number of people who also consider that government planning related to the transfer of the national capital to East Kalimantan is a solution, with the number of people who respond that the transfer into a solution is as many as 58 communities as many as 58 communities or 56.9%. This is in line with one of the responses of the subject with the initials J with the last S3 education graduate who gave his opinion and response that agreed with the transfer of the national capital because according to him with the move of the national capital will be built a road connected to the district / city as a buffer area of the national capital with good quality, which has been almost all roads severely damaged, especially inland. In addition, subject J also said that after the realization of the transfer of Jakarta as the capital of the old country reorganized after the transfer of the national capital, the subject's expectations related to the world of education in the new national capital are to build a new quality and science and technology-based university 4.0 with lecturer resources that go international and can penetrate the top 50 best universities in the world. The subject also said that his role as a teaching staff was to support the construction of a techno park in the nation's capital as an educational mecca and student city that had been held by several well-known universities on the island of Java.
Furthermore, the second subject that also supports the transfer of the national capital is the subject with the initials Z with the last S1 education which provides a response related to the transfer of the national capital because according to him this transfer will be the first step in equalizing the condition of the community both in terms of economy and education, especially for the people of Kalimantan itself, agar development in Indonesia. More evenly distributed both in terms of human resources and infrastructure and not only focused on Java. In addition, the move of the national capital will open many jobs. The assumption to be able to get an easier job is one of the causes of many regional people coming to the capital (Taufiq, 2017).
However, the transfer of the national capital is also still a counter for some communities, one of which is with the response given by the subject with the initials N who responded that with the transfer of the national capital is very detrimental related to spending later, the subject gives advice that with regard to equalization then there is no need for a new national capital, the state must pay attention to each of its citizens, encourage economic equality, education and political participation. The nation's capital is only a new problem and east Kalimantan according to the subject is more valuable than just the exploitative land of extractive industries. Then according to the subject N government must see the urgency and participation of the people, study more honestly and radiantly facilitate the people who are really the people and not who claim to be the people when the oppressors. Furthermore, subject N also said related to government policy that everyone is entitled to free education that must be given honestly and openly, open discussion must be not avoided by teachers.
The transfer of the national capital is also a counter to one of the subjects with the initials A where he said that the subject hopes that the issue of the transfer of state capital for now is felt inappropriately, because it will only be a burden, which includes a possibility of increasing state debts which is certainly detrimental to the government and certainly the community and still There are many losses, one of which is with the capital of the country moving to Kalimantan, it is certain that Kalimantan's forests will be reduced.
Subject A expressed his current role, namely being a well-behaved citizen, by contributing to my contribution through the talent and potential that I have, according to him, if it is true that the capital of the country moved, there will be new problems, such as flood disasters, with the capital of the country move is not impossible to burn. The forest is getting bigger, of course Kalimantan's green forests will be reduced, floods are certainly a problem that will certainly be faced later, the solution is to strengthen government regulations on forest protection, ordering the community by prohibiting garbage in a place.
Community involvement is related to the level of community readiness in facing the transfer of the national capital, the highest level of community readiness in facing issues is that the community is involved and able to evaluate the readiness program that has been prepared (Dewi, 2020). The development of areas with scale when carried out will make the location around the development area will slowly become more productive non-agricultural land as a support in development. In addition, the new national capital will add to Indonesia's attractiveness in the eyes of the international community. Then the transfer of the national capital cannot be separated from the role of society as will be described as follows.
The transfer according to the subject contains the initials P, namely as a fresh graduate to take advantage of the opportunity to hone skills in the new national capital, trying to accept and adapt to all changes that will occur and improve self-competence to compete with immigrants from outside. Then its role in education is to educate, shape, and supervise so that children, adolescents, and youth of the East Borneo community become quality human resources, contribute to their knowledge, and help improve quality, especially in areas that are still marginalized. Furthermore, the subject with the initials AS a citizen of course its role is to help improve the welfare of the community by carrying out the rights and obligations as one of the residents. But this applies in general, not just as a candidate for the national capital community.
Furthermore, according to the U.S. subject, government policies in the field of education that must be improved or improved, namely in the field of education with infrastructure improvements, flood reduction and pollution with the development of effective technology. Instead of having to spend money to make new damage, it is better to repair existing ones. Then the policy that the U.S. subject wants to get from the government is a policy that can be accepted by every country in need, not a policy that only provides great benefits for stakeholders, and there must be transparency. According to the U.S. subject, his current role is related to the transfer of the nation's capital, of course, as a student, he must think about what kind of policies will be able to encourage small communities to prosper, as well as a more effective education system through assessments that are not old-fashioned and monotonous. The subject said that he also had to use the knowledge obtained to develop human resources in Indonesia in the future. This is in line with research conducted by Gita (2019) which is seen from the transfer of the national capital for example in the form of increasing population, rising land prices and agricultural land close to the new national capital area and affecting the availability of residential areas that will be motivated by land transfer. Then another study conducted by Salsabila & Nurhayati (2020) revealed that even though East Kalimantan meets indicators that are contrary to the problems of the country's capital city that exist today, it still has social problems that often occur, namely related to Environmental issues that often occur are mostly areas prone to burning, so it can cause environmental damage.
In the transfer of the country's capital also affects inflation only because this project is carried out gradually then the impact caused is not too significant. The impact that will occur in economic growth, depending on the planning stages, the planning process carried out is mature then the effect of economic growth is expected to grow within 5 years (Hasibuan, 2020). The construction of a new growth center carried out without planning will only create a new gap between the new growth center and the surrounding area that is backward which eventually creates an exploitative relationship in the form of capital, labor, or natural resources whose nature is no different from what is happening now in Jakarta (Santoso, 2020).

CONCLUSION
The relocation of the national capital, which is being planned to be moved to East Kalimantan, is currently a polemic among the community, not a few people who are pros and cons of the government's plan. According to the people, the transfer of the national capital will further have an impact on the economy, development conditions, population growth, employment, and other conditions. The role of the community is also very necessary in the realization of the transfer of the national capital later, according to the community, the role they can do can be in the form of science as educators, developing the potential to be ready to become a role in the development of the national capital later, and conducting some research related to what is needed or revised together.